Near-infrared dual-response fluorescent probe for detection of N 2 H 4 and intracellular viscosity changes in biological samples and various water samples.

N ₂ H ₄ is a common raw material used in the production of pesticides and has good water solubility, so it may contaminate water sources and eventually enter living organisms, causing serious health problems. Viscosity is an important indicator of the cellular microenvironment and an early warning signal for many diseases. The high reactivity of hydrazine depletes glutathione (GSH) in hepatocytes, causing oxidative stress ultimately leading to significant changes in intracellular viscosity and even death. Therefore, it is particularly important to develop an effective method to detect N ₂ H ₄ and viscosity in environmental and biological systems. On this basis, we developed two fluorescent probes, BDD and BHD, based on xanthene and 2-benzothiazole acetonitrile. The experimental results show that BHD and BDD have good imaging capabilities for N ₂ H ₄ in cells, zebrafish and Arabidopsis. BHD and BDD also showed sensitive detection and fluorescence enhancement in the near-infrared region when the intracellular viscosity was changed. Notably, the probe BDD has also successfully imaged N ₂ H ₄ in a variety of real water samples.
Competing Interests: Declaration of competing interest The authors declare that they have no known competing financial interests or personal relationships that could have appeared to influence the work reported in this paper.
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