Biomechanics of the lateral meniscus: evidences from narrative review.

Lateral meniscus plays a crucial role in the knee stability and function. Although complex settings are required for lateral meniscus biomechanical assessment, such characteristics have been investigated over time to optimize the daily clinical practice surgical procedure. The aim of the present study was to provide an overview of literature knowledge regarding the biomechanics of lateral meniscus and give further insights about novel experimental analyses. Studies regarding lateral meniscus mobility, effect on knee laxity, and contact mechanics were included in the review. The effect of meniscal lesion, meniscal repair, partial meniscectomy, and meniscus allograft transplantation were retrieved for either in vivo , cadaveric, or in-silico computational settings. Knee laxity was evaluated both in presence of isolated meniscal tears and in anterior cruciate ligament (ACL) deficient knees. Surgical navigation systems and robots were mainly used for the investigations in vivo and in cadaveric studies, while accelerometers emerged as an alternative for ambulatory assessments. Contact mechanics was only assessed in cadaveric and computational studies. Great effort has been put into exploring lateral meniscus biomechanics from multiple perspectives. Strong evidence emerged regarding the importance of lateral meniscus repair: increased knee stability at high degrees of knee flexion and reduction of peak contact pressures on tibial cartilage were the most reported benefits. The meniscus allograft transplantation also emerged as a concrete solution for irreparable tears and further studies are needed to investigate its long-term influence on knee stability.
Competing Interests: Conflicts of Interest: All authors have completed the ICMJE uniform disclosure form (available at https://aoj.amegroups.com/article/view/10.21037/aoj-20-123/coif). The series “The Lateral Meniscus” was commissioned by the editorial office without any funding or sponsorship. SZ served as the unpaid Guest Editor of the series and serves as an unpaid editorial board member of Annals of Joint from March 2021 to February 2023. AG served as the unpaid Guest Editor of the series. The authors have no other conflicts of interest to declare.
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