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Enhanced hydrodechlorination of 4-chlorophenol through carboxymethylcellulose-modified Pd/Fe nanosuspension synthesized by one-step methods.
- Source :
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Chemosphere [Chemosphere] 2024 May; Vol. 356, pp. 141857. Date of Electronic Publication: 2024 Apr 01. - Publication Year :
- 2024
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Abstract
- Palladized iron (Pd/Fe) represents one of the most common modification strategies for nanoscale zero-valent iron (nZVI). Most studies prepared Pd/Fe by reducing iron salts and depositing Pd species on the surface of pre-synthesized nZVI, which can be called the two-step method. In this study, we proposed a one-step method to obtain Pd/Fe by the concurrent formation of Fe <superscript>0</superscript> and Pd <superscript>0</superscript> and investigated the effects of these two methods on 4-chlorophenol (4-CP) removal, with carboxymethylcellulose (CMC) coated as a surface modifier. Results indicated that the one-step method, not only streamlined the synthesis process, but also Pd/Fe-CMC <subscript>one-step</subscript> , synthesized by it, exhibited a higher 4-CP removal rate (97.9%) compared to the two-step method material Pd/Fe-CMC <subscript>two-step</subscript> (82.4%). Electrochemical analyses revealed that the enhanced activity of Pd/Fe-CMC <subscript>one-step</subscript> was attributed to its higher electron transfer efficiency and more available reactive species, active adsorbed hydrogen species (H <subscript>ads</subscript> *). Detection of intermediate products demonstrated that, under the influence of Pd/Fe-CMC <subscript>one-step</subscript> , the main route of 4-CP was through hydrodechlorination (HDC) to form phenol and H* was the main active specie, supported by EPR tests, quenching experiments and product analysis. Additionally, the effects of initial 4-CP concentration, initial pH, O <subscript>2</subscript> concentration, anions such as Cl <superscript>-</superscript> , SO <subscript>4</subscript> <superscript>2-</superscript> , HCO <subscript>3</subscript> <superscript>-</superscript> , and humic acid (HA) were also investigated. In conclusion, the results of this study suggest that Pd/Fe-CMC <subscript>one-step</subscript> , synthesized through the one-step method, is a convenient and efficient nZVI-modifying material suitable for the HDC of chlorinated organic compounds.<br />Competing Interests: Declaration of competing interest The authors declare that they have no known competing financial interests or personal relationships that could have appeared to influence the work reported in this paper.<br /> (Copyright © 2024 Elsevier Ltd. All rights reserved.)
Details
- Language :
- English
- ISSN :
- 1879-1298
- Volume :
- 356
- Database :
- MEDLINE
- Journal :
- Chemosphere
- Publication Type :
- Academic Journal
- Accession number :
- 38570045
- Full Text :
- https://doi.org/10.1016/j.chemosphere.2024.141857