Supplementation with vitamin D improves the embryo quality in in vitro fertilization (IVF) programs, independently of the patients' basal vitamin D status.

Purpose: The study aims to demonstrate the effects of Vitamin D (VD) supplementation, prior to oocyte pick-up within IVF protocols, in women with diverse VD status at the enrollment.
Methods: A total of 204 women eligible for intra-cytoplasmatic sperm injection (ICSI) cycles were included in the study and two homogeneous groups were selected from the database. Both group of patients with normal VD baseline level (> 40 ng/ml) and patients with low VD baseline level (< 20 ng/ml) were divided into control group and treatment group. The control group followed the standard procedure. The treatment group was supplemented with vitamin D3 as cholecalciferol in combination with Myo-Inositol, folic acid, and melatonin 3 months before standard procedure, once a day in the evening.
Results: VD levels significantly increased in the study group of low baseline VD, both in serum and in the follicular fluid compared to controls. The treatment induced a significant improvement of the embryo quality in both group of patients considered.
Conclusion: Supplementation of VD in patients undergoing ICSI procedures significantly improved the number of top-quality embryos compared with the control group, either starting from VD normal baseline values or starting from low values.
Trial Registration Number: 07/2018.
(© 2024. The Author(s).)