[A case of bouton d'orient].

Oriental Sore is the dry cutaneous form of leishmaniasis, a parasitic infection common to man and to certain vertebrates and transmitted by insects: the phlebotomes. This benign tropical disease exists in South East France where it remains very rare, human contamination always being accidental. The lesions, single or multiple, affect the skin only. On the face, the differential diagnosis arises with other much commoner cutaneous lesions (impetigo, etc.). They consist, after 2 to 4 months of incubation, of a rounded erythematous papule, neither pruritic nor painful, which becomes secondarily excavated to produce a crusted ulcer. This lesion, typical at this stage, then persists for many months before an unsightly scar develops. Treatment is local: surgical excision offering the possibility of histological examination and hence a diagnosis. Plastic surgery may be used to correct scars in advanced forms.