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Spectroscopic insight into breast cancer: profiling small extracellular vesicles lipids via infrared spectroscopy for diagnostic precision.

Spectroscopic insight into breast cancer: profiling small extracellular vesicles lipids via infrared spectroscopy for diagnostic precision.

Authors :
Mishra A
Zehra S
Bharti PK
Mathur SR
Ranjan P
Batra A
Inampudi KK
Modi GP
Nikolajeff F
Kumar S
Source :
Scientific reports [Sci Rep] 2024 Apr 23; Vol. 14 (1), pp. 9347. Date of Electronic Publication: 2024 Apr 23.
Publication Year :
2024

Abstract

Breast cancer, a leading cause of female mortality due to delayed detection owing to asymptomatic nature and limited early diagnostic tools, was investigated using a multi-modal approach. Plasma-derived small EVs from breast cancer patients (BrCa, n = 74) and healthy controls (HC, n = 30) were analyzed. Small EVs (n = 104), isolated through chemical precipitation, underwent characterization via transmission electron microscopy (TEM) and nanoparticle tracking analysis (NTA). Validation involved antibody-based tests (TSG101, CD9, CD81, CD63). Infrared spectra of small EVs were obtained, revealing significant differences in lipid acyl chains, particularly in the C-H stretching of CH3. The study focused on the lipid region (3050-2900 cm <superscript>-1</superscript> ), identifying peaks (3015 cm <superscript>-1</superscript> , 2960 cm <superscript>-1</superscript> , 2929 cm <superscript>-1</superscript> ) as distinctive lipid characteristics. Spectroscopic lipid-to-lipid ratios [(I3015/I2929), (I2960/I2929)] emerged as prominent breast cancer markers. Exploration of protein, nucleic acid, and carbohydrate ratios indicated variations in alpha helices, asymmetric C-H stretching vibrations, and C-O stretching at 1033 cm <superscript>-1</superscript> . Principal component analysis (PCA) successfully differentiated BrCa and HC small EVs, and heatmap analysis and receiver operating characteristic (ROC) curve evaluations underscored the discriminatory power of lipid ratios. Notably, (I2960/I2929) exhibited 100% sensitivity and specificity, highlighting its potential as a robust BrCa sEV marker for breast cancer detection.<br /> (© 2024. The Author(s).)

Details

Language :
English
ISSN :
2045-2322
Volume :
14
Issue :
1
Database :
MEDLINE
Journal :
Scientific reports
Publication Type :
Academic Journal
Accession number :
38654096
Full Text :
https://doi.org/10.1038/s41598-024-59863-1