Impact of Provider-Facing Interventions to Reduce Opioid Use on Pain Related Outcomes in Primary Care: A Cluster Randomized Trial.

Competing Interests: The authors declared the following potential conflicts of interest with respect to the research, authorship, and/or publication of this article: Dr. Gordon reported grants from the National Institutes of Health, Veterans Affairs, and US Department of Health and Health Services during the conduct of the study as well as personal fees from UpToDate and board service with the American Society of Addiction Medicine, Association for Multidisciplinary Education and Research in Substance use and Addiction, and International Society of Addiction Journal Editors outside the submitted work. Dr. Wright reported grants from the Patient-Centered Outcomes Research Institute (PCORI) during the conduct of the study and grants from Pfizer and grants from the National Institute on Drug Abuse outside the submitted work. Drs. Cochran and Hardy reported grants from PCORI during the conduct of the study. Dr. Wasan reported consulting fees from Greenwich Biosciences and grants from Parallel outside the submitted work. No other disclosures were reported.