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Occurrence of Coxiellosis in ruminants and its associated risk factors.
- Source :
-
Acta tropica [Acta Trop] 2024 Jul; Vol. 255, pp. 107235. Date of Electronic Publication: 2024 Apr 28. - Publication Year :
- 2024
-
Abstract
- Coxiellosis in animals is caused by the zoonotic pathogen, Coxiella burnetii. Although the disease is of public health importance it remains underdiagnosed and underreported. The cross- sectional study was aimed to estimate the occurrence of the disease in livestock of study area and also to identify the risk factors associated with the disease in animals. Blood, serum, and vaginal swabs samples were collected from 200 ruminants (cattle, sheep, and goats), across various farms in Karnataka, India. These samples were then screened using ELISA and PCR (com1 and IS1111). A questionnaire was administered to the farm owners to collect the risk factor-related information. About 5.26 % cattle, 12.3 % sheep, and 12.5 % goats were positive by ELISA. By PCR, 9.47 % cattle, 9.3 % sheep, and 10 % goats were positive. Overall, the occurrence of 14.73 %, 18.46 % and 17.5 % was estimated in cattle, sheep and goat, respectively. PCR targeting the IS1111 gene detected higher number of samples as positive as compared to the com1 gene PCR. Higher number of vaginal swab samples were detected as positive as compared to blood. History of reproductive disorders (OR: 4.30; 95 %CI:1.95- 9.46), abortion (OR: 30.94; 95 %CI:6.30- 151.84) and repeat breeding (OR:11.36; 95 %CI:4.16- 30.99) were significantly associated with coxiellosis (p < 0.005). Multivariable analysis by logistic regression model analysis suggested retained abortion, repeat breeding and rearing of animal in semi-intensive system as factors significantly associated with the infection. Cultural identification of the PCR positive samples were cultured using embryonated egg propagation and cell culture techniques and positivity was confirmed in six samples. Phylogenetic analysis of the com1 and IS1111 gene revealed clustering based on similar geographic locations. The study estimated the occurrence of the disease in the study area and identified the potential risk factors.<br />Competing Interests: Declaration of competing interest The authors declare that they have no known competing financial interests or personal relationships that could have appeared to influence the work reported in this paper<br /> (Copyright © 2024 Elsevier B.V. All rights reserved.)
- Subjects :
- Animals
Risk Factors
Sheep microbiology
Cattle
Female
India epidemiology
Cross-Sectional Studies
Enzyme-Linked Immunosorbent Assay
Ruminants microbiology
Surveys and Questionnaires
Vagina microbiology
Q Fever epidemiology
Q Fever veterinary
Q Fever microbiology
Coxiella burnetii genetics
Coxiella burnetii isolation & purification
Goats microbiology
Goat Diseases microbiology
Goat Diseases epidemiology
Sheep Diseases epidemiology
Sheep Diseases microbiology
Polymerase Chain Reaction
Cattle Diseases epidemiology
Cattle Diseases microbiology
Subjects
Details
- Language :
- English
- ISSN :
- 1873-6254
- Volume :
- 255
- Database :
- MEDLINE
- Journal :
- Acta tropica
- Publication Type :
- Academic Journal
- Accession number :
- 38688445
- Full Text :
- https://doi.org/10.1016/j.actatropica.2024.107235