Improving anaerobic digestion performance after severe acidification: Unveiling the impacts of Fe 3 O 4 -bentonite composites in co-digestion of waste activated sludge and food waste.

Acidification recovery in anaerobic digestion of food waste is challenging. This study explored its in-situ recovery using a co-substrate of food waste and waste activated sludge. Fe ₃ O ₄ and bentonite were used as conductor and carrier, respectively, to enhance AD performance under severe acidification. The application of Fe ₃ O ₄ -bentonite resulted in a 152% increase in cumulative methane in the Fe ₃ O ₄ -bentonite 10 digester, demonstrating its effectiveness in restoring the acidified AD system. In acidified systems, bentonite enhanced the diversity and richness of microbial communities due to its buffering capacity. The excessive non-conductive polysaccharides excreted by bacteria in extracellular polymeric substances reduced the possibility of electron transfer by Fe ₃ O ₄ . However, in the synergistic application of Fe ₃ O ₄ and bentonite, this resistance was alleviated, increasing the possibility of direct interspecies electron transfer, and accelerating the consumption of volatile fatty acids. This approach of integrating carrier and conductive materials is significant for in-situ restoration of acidified systems.
Competing Interests: Declaration of competing interest The authors declare that they have no known competing financial interests or personal relationships that could have appeared to influence the work reported in this paper.
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