Simultaneous invasive and non-invasive recordings in humans: A novel Rosetta stone for deciphering brain activity.

Simultaneous noninvasive and invasive electrophysiological recordings provide a unique opportunity to achieve a comprehensive understanding of human brain activity, much like a Rosetta stone for human neuroscience. In this review we focus on the increasingly-used powerful combination of intracranial electroencephalography (iEEG) with scalp electroencephalography (EEG) or magnetoencephalography (MEG). We first provide practical insight on how to achieve these technically challenging recordings. We then provide examples from clinical research on how simultaneous recordings are advancing our understanding of epilepsy. This is followed by the illustration of how human neuroscience and methodological advances could benefit from these simultaneous recordings. We conclude with a call for open data sharing and collaboration, while ensuring neuroethical approaches and argue that only with a true collaborative approach the promises of simultaneous recordings will be fulfilled.
Competing Interests: Declaration of Competing Interest All co-authors have seen and agree with the contents of the manuscript. All co-authors have no conflicts of interest to disclose.
(Copyright © 2024 The Authors. Published by Elsevier B.V. All rights reserved.)