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Phytochemical Composition and Antimicrobial Efficacy of Salvadora persica Root Extracts Against Carbapenem-Resistant Acinetobacter baumannii.

Authors :
Wan Alias WAS
Ismail N
Hasan HB
Nik Abdul Ghani NR
Abdulrazak MH
Hassan SA
Source :
Cureus [Cureus] 2024 Apr 20; Vol. 16 (4), pp. e58660. Date of Electronic Publication: 2024 Apr 20 (Print Publication: 2024).
Publication Year :
2024

Abstract

Background Carbapenem-resistant Acinetobacter baumannii (CRAB) are difficult to eradicate from the environment and are virtually immune to all antibiotics. Consequently, CRAB may culminate in severe outbreaks and fatal infections among people attending hospitals and nursing homes. Salvadora persica  has been used as an herbal remedy and chewing sticks for dental cleansing. Evaluating S .  persica 's efficacy against CRAB may provide an alternative approach to treating CRAB infections in healthcare environments, considering its traditional application in dental hygiene. Employing S. persica as an herbal remedy could be a part of a more sustainable approach to control CRAB infections. Aim To investigate the phytochemical composition of S. persica and evaluate its antimicrobial properties. Materials and methods The roots were extracted by Soxhlet apparatus using n-hexane, chloroform, and methanol. Each extract was analyzed using gas chromatography-mass spectrometry (GCMS) and characterized using WN908.L and National Institute of Standards and Technology (NIST) libraries. The antimicrobial activity of each extract against CRAB was evaluated using a broth microdilution assay to determine the minimum inhibitory concentration (MIC) and minimum bactericidal concentration (MBC). Results The GCMS analysis of different solvent extracts of S. persica roots showed the presence of various phytochemical compounds such as steroids, phenolic compounds, fatty acids, alcohols, terpenoids, and vitamin E. Both chloroform and hexane extracts showed the most effective antimicrobial activity with a MIC value of 3.13 mg/mL and an MBC value of 12.50 mg/mL, respectively. Benzoic acid was the major phytochemical compound identified from S. persica extract. N-hexane, chloroform, and methanol extracts exhibited maximum antimicrobial activity due to the presence of active compounds in them. Conclusion Chloroform and hexane extracts showed the most potent antibacterial activities against CRAB.<br />Competing Interests: The authors have declared financial relationships, which are detailed in the next section.<br /> (Copyright © 2024, Wan Alias et al.)

Details

Language :
English
ISSN :
2168-8184
Volume :
16
Issue :
4
Database :
MEDLINE
Journal :
Cureus
Publication Type :
Academic Journal
Accession number :
38774172
Full Text :
https://doi.org/10.7759/cureus.58660