Optical coherence tomography for the screening of anterior chamber inflammation in paediatric patients diagnosed with juvenile idiopathic arthritis.

Objectives: To evaluate the effectiveness of the anterior segment optical coherence tomography (AS-OCT) for the screening of anterior uveitis in children diagnosed with juvenile idiopathic arthritis (JIA).
Methods: A cross-sectional, observational, non-randomised study was conducted in JIA patients younger than 18 years. All patients underwent anterior segment (AS-OCT) and macular OCT.
Results: A total of 300 eyes of 150 patients diagnosed with JIA were included; 74% were females, and mean age was 11.12 ± 3.51 years old (range 4.13-18.60). In the slit-lamp examination, anterior uveitis was diagnosed in 16 eyes. In the AS-OCT, anterior uveitis was suspected in 27 eyes; cells were detected in 27 eyes and retrokeratic precipitates in 5 eyes. Sensitivity was 0.94 and specificity was 0.96, positive predictive value was 0.59 and negative predictive value was 0.99, and Kappa-Cohen index was 0.71.
Conclusions: AS-OCT could be considered for the screening of anterior segment uveitis in children diagnosed with JIA.