The various perioperative issues of structural heart diseases and cardiogenic shock.

Up to 20 % of patients presenting with acute heart failure and cardiogenic shock have a structural etiology. Despite efforts in timely management, mortality rates remain alarmingly high, ranging from 50 % to 80 %. Surgical intervention is often the definitive treatment for structural heart disease; however, many patients are considered high risk or unsuitable candidates for such procedures. Consequently, there has been a paradigm shift towards the development of novel percutaneous management strategies and temporizing interventions. This article aims to provide a comprehensive review of the pathophysiology of valvular and structural heart conditions presenting in cardiogenic shock, focusing on the evolving landscape of mechanical circulatory support devices and other management modalities.
Competing Interests: Declaration of competing interest The authors do not have any conflicts of interest or relationships to disclose. All authors have read and approved this manuscript and this submission. The paper is not under consideration elsewhere and none of the paper's content have been previously published.
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