Multiscale approach to the characterization of the interfacial properties of micellar casein and whey protein blends and their effects on recombined dairy creams.

In this study, whipped cream with blends of micellar casein (MCN) and whey protein (WPI) in different ratios were prepared to investigate the role of protein interfacial behavior in determining foam properties at multiple scales, using theoretical modeling, and microscopic and macroscopic analysis. Fluid force microscopy has been used for the first time as a more realistic and direct means of analyzing interfaces properties in multiphase systems. The adsorption kinetics showed that the interfacial permeability constant of WPI (4.24 × 10 ^-4 s ^-1 ) was significantly higher than that of the MCN (2.97 × 10 ^-4 s ^-1 ), and the WPI interfacial layer had a higher modulus of elasticity (71.38 mN/m) than that of the MCN (47.89 mN/m). This model was validated via the mechanical analysis of the fat globules in real emulsions. The WPI-stabilized fat globule was found to have a higher Young's modulus (219.67 Pa), which contributes to the integrity of its fat globule morphology. As the ratio of MCN was increased in the sample, however, both the interfacial modulus and Young's modulus decreased. Moreover, the rate of partial coalescence was found to increase, a phenomenon that decreased the stability of the emulsion and increased the rate of aeration. The mechanical analysis also revealed a higher level of adhesion between MCN-stabilized fat globule (25.16 nN), which increased fat globule aggregation and emulsion viscosity, while improving thixotropic recovery. The synergistic effect of the blended MCN and WPI provided the highest overrun, at 194.53 %. These studies elucidate the role of the interfacial behavior of proteins in determining the quality of whipped cream and provide ideas for the application of proteins in multiphase systems.
Competing Interests: Declaration of competing interest The authors declare that they have no known competing financial interests or personal relationships that could have appeared to influence the work reported in this paper.
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