Associations of air pollution with acute coronary syndromes based on A/B/AB versus O blood types: case-crossover study.

Short-term exposure to air pollutants may contribute to an increased risk of acute coronary syndrome (ACS). This study assessed the role of short-term exposure to fine particulate matter (PM _2.5 ) as well as fine and coarse PM (PM ₁₀ ) air pollution in ACS events and the effect of blood groups on this phenomenon. A retrospectively collected database of 9026 patients was evaluated. The study design was a case-crossover using a conditional logistic regression model. The main analysis focused on PM _2.5 levels with a 1 day lag until the ACS event, using threshold-modelled predictor for all patients. Secondary analyses utilized separate threshold-modelled predictors for 2-7-days moving averages and for patients from specific ABO blood groups. Additional analysis was performed with the non-threshold models and for PM ₁₀ levels. Short-term exposure to increased PM _2.5 and PM ₁₀ levels at a 1-day lag was associated with elevated risks of ACS (PM _2.5 : OR = 1.012 per + 10 µg/m ³ , 95% CI 1.003, 1.021; PM ₁₀ : OR = 1.014 per + 10 µg/m ³ , CI 1.002, 1.025) for all patients. Analysis showed that exposure to PM _2.5 was associated with increased risk of ACS at a 1-day lag for the A, B or AB group (OR = 1.012 per + 10 µg/m ³ , CI 1.001, 1.024), but not O group (OR = 1.011 per + 10 µg/m ³ , CI 0.994, 1.029). Additional analysis showed positive associations between exposure to PM ₁₀ and risk of ACS, with 7-days moving average models stratified by blood group revealing that exposures to PM _2.5 and PM ₁₀ were associated with elevated risk of ACS for patients with group O. Short-term exposures to PM _2.5 and PM ₁₀ were associated with elevated risk of ACS. Short-term exposure to PM _2.5 was positively associated with the risk of ACS for patients with A, B, or AB blood groups for a 1-day lag, while risk in O group was delayed to 7 days.
(© 2024. The Author(s).)