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The Impact of Anxiety and Depression Symptoms on Cardiovascular Risk Factor Control in Patients Without a History of Atherosclerotic Cardiovascular Disease.
- Source :
-
Vascular health and risk management [Vasc Health Risk Manag] 2024 Jul 04; Vol. 20, pp. 301-311. Date of Electronic Publication: 2024 Jul 04 (Print Publication: 2024). - Publication Year :
- 2024
-
Abstract
- Background: Anxiety and depression by affecting lifestyle interfere with preventive actions aimed at eliminating or reducing modifiable risk factors for cardiovascular diseases (CVD).<br />Purpose: The objective of the study was to assess the impact of anxiety and depression on the achievement of therapeutic goals regarding CVD risk factors in patients without a history of atherosclerotic CVD.<br />Patients and Methods: The study included 200 patients (median age 52.0 [IQR 43.0-60.5] years). Control of the basic risk factors was assessed: blood pressure, BMI, waist circumference, physical activity, smoking status, LDL cholesterol, triglycerides, and blood glucose. The data analysis included a comparison of the number of controlled risk factors and the percentage of subjects who achieved the therapeutic goal for each of the cardiovascular risk factors. The risk of CVD was assessed with SCORE2 and SCORE2-OP. Anxiety and depression were assessed using the Hospital Anxiety and Depression Scale (HADS). On both subscales (HADS Anxiety and HADS Depression), subjects could achieve normal, borderline, and abnormal scores.<br />Results: The median number of controlled CVD risk factors was 4.0 (IQR 3.0-5.0), and the median CVD risk assessed with SCORE2 and SCORE2-OP was 3.0% (IQR 1.5-7.0%). Median scores for HADS Anxiety were 3.0 (IQR 2.0-6.0) and for HADS Depression 3.0 (1.0-5.0). Patients with symptoms of anxiety and depression had significantly fewer controlled risk factors (HADS Anxiety p=0.0014; HADS Depression p=0.0304). Among subjects with anxiety and depression, there was a significantly lower percentage of those with a normal waist circumference (HADS Anxiety p=0.0464; HADS Depression p=0.0200) and regular physical activity (HADS Anxiety p=0.0431; HADS Depression p=0.0055). Among subjects with anxiety, there was a significantly lower percentage of those with a normal BMI (p=0.0218) and normal triglyceride concentrations (p=0.0278).<br />Conclusion: The presence of anxiety and depression may affect the control of CVD risk factors in individuals without a history of atherosclerotic CVD. Assessment of anxiety and depression symptoms should be part of a comprehensive examination of patients with high CVD risk.<br />Competing Interests: The authors report no conflicts of interest in this work.<br /> (© 2024 Pietrzykowski et al.)
- Subjects :
- Humans
Male
Middle Aged
Female
Risk Assessment
Adult
Risk Reduction Behavior
Biomarkers blood
Cross-Sectional Studies
Risk Factors
Anxiety epidemiology
Anxiety diagnosis
Anxiety psychology
Depression epidemiology
Depression diagnosis
Depression psychology
Depression prevention & control
Heart Disease Risk Factors
Cardiovascular Diseases psychology
Cardiovascular Diseases epidemiology
Cardiovascular Diseases diagnosis
Cardiovascular Diseases prevention & control
Subjects
Details
- Language :
- English
- ISSN :
- 1178-2048
- Volume :
- 20
- Database :
- MEDLINE
- Journal :
- Vascular health and risk management
- Publication Type :
- Academic Journal
- Accession number :
- 38978994
- Full Text :
- https://doi.org/10.2147/VHRM.S461308