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Theabrownin from Pu-erh Tea Improves DSS-Induced Colitis via Restoring Gut Homeostasis and Inhibiting TLR2&4 Signaling Pathway.
- Source :
-
Phytomedicine : international journal of phytotherapy and phytopharmacology [Phytomedicine] 2024 Sep; Vol. 132, pp. 155852. Date of Electronic Publication: 2024 Jul 07. - Publication Year :
- 2024
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Abstract
- Background: Theabrownin (TB) is a dark brown pigment from Pu-erh tea or other dark teas. It is formed by further oxidization of theaflavins and thearubigins, in combination with proteins, polysaccharides, and caffeine etc. TB is a characteristic ingredient and bioactive substance of Pu-erh tea. However, the effects of TB on ulcerative colitis (UC) remains unclear.<br />Purpose: This study aims to elucidate the mechanism of TB on UC in terms of recovery of intestinal homeostasis and regulation of toll-like receptor (TLR) 2&4 signaling pathway.<br />Methods: The colitis models were established by administering 5% dextran sulfate sodium (DSS) to C57BL/6 mice for 5 days to evaluate the therapeutic and preventive effects of TB on UC. Mesalazine was used as a positive control. H&E staining, complete blood count, enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay, immunohistochemistry, flow cytometry, and 16S rRNA sequencing were employed to assess histological changes, blood cells analysis, content of cytokines, expression and distribution of mucin (MUC)2 and TLR2&4, differentiation of CD4 <superscript>+</superscript> T cells in lamina propria, and changes in intestinal microbiota, respectively. Western blot was utilized to study the relative expression of tight junction proteins and the key proteins in TLR2&4-mediated MyD88-dependent MAPK, NF-κB, and AKT signaling pathways.<br />Results: TB outstanding alleviated colitis, inhibited the release of pro-inflammatory cytokines, reduced white blood cells while increasing red blood cells, hemoglobin, and platelets. TB increased the expression of occludin, claudin-1 and MUC2, effectively restored intestinal barrier function. TB also suppressed differentiation of Th1 and Th17 cells in the colon's lamina propria, increased the fraction of Treg cells, and promoted the balance of Treg/Th17 to tilt towards Tregs. Moreover, TB increased the Firmicutes to Bacteroides (F/B) ratio, as well as the abundance of Akkermansia, Muribaculaceae, and Eubacterium&#95;coprostanoligenes&#95;group at the genus level. In addition, TB inhibited the activation of TLR2&4-mediated MAPK, NF-κB, and AKT signaling pathways in intestinal epithelial cells of DSS-induced mice.<br />Conclusion: TB acts in restoring intestinal homeostasis and anti-inflammatory in DSS-induced UC, and exhibiting a preventive effect after long-term use. In a word, TB is a promising beverage, health product and food additive for UC.<br />Competing Interests: Declaration of competing interest The authors declare that they have no known conflict of interest or individual connections that could have appeared to impact the work reported in this paper.<br /> (Copyright © 2024 Elsevier GmbH. All rights reserved.)
- Subjects :
- Animals
Mice
Male
Catechin pharmacology
Disease Models, Animal
Gastrointestinal Microbiome drug effects
Colitis, Ulcerative drug therapy
Colitis, Ulcerative chemically induced
Colitis drug therapy
Colitis chemically induced
Intestinal Mucosa drug effects
Intestinal Mucosa metabolism
Cytokines metabolism
NF-kappa B metabolism
Toll-Like Receptor 2 metabolism
Signal Transduction drug effects
Dextran Sulfate
Mice, Inbred C57BL
Toll-Like Receptor 4 metabolism
Tea chemistry
Homeostasis drug effects
Subjects
Details
- Language :
- English
- ISSN :
- 1618-095X
- Volume :
- 132
- Database :
- MEDLINE
- Journal :
- Phytomedicine : international journal of phytotherapy and phytopharmacology
- Publication Type :
- Academic Journal
- Accession number :
- 39029137
- Full Text :
- https://doi.org/10.1016/j.phymed.2024.155852