European Network for Optimization of Veterinary Antimicrobial Therapy (ENOVAT) guidelines for antimicrobial use in canine acute diarrhoea.

Acute diarrhoea is a common presentation in dogs, and a common reason for antimicrobial prescription and nutraceutical use. This evidence-based guideline provides recommendations for antimicrobial and probiotic treatment of canine acute diarrhoea (CAD). A multidisciplinary panel developed the recommendations by adhering to the Grading of Recommendations Assessment, Development and Evaluation (GRADE) framework. The opinions of stakeholders (general veterinary practitioners and dog owners) were collected and incorporated to ensure the applicability of this guideline. Four strong recommendations informed by high certainty evidence, and three conditional recommendations informed by very low or low certainty evidence, were drafted by the panel, along with an ungraded section on diagnostic work-up of dogs with acute diarrhoea. The ENOVAT guidelines initiative encourages national or regional guideline makers to use the evidence presented in this document, and the supporting systematic review, to draft national or local guidance documents.
Competing Interests: Conflict of interest statement This article is based upon work from the COST Action European Network for Optimization of Veterinary Antimicrobial Treatment (CA18217), supported by COST (European Cooperation in Science and Technology). The panel members did not have any substantial conflicts of interest at the time of drafting recommendations. However, it should be noted that most of the panel members are involved in antimicrobial stewardship activities. Two panel members (MW and SU) were authors of trials included in the systematic reviews and did not participate in the risk of bias assessment or any other individual quality assessments for these publications.
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