Comparison of real-world healthcare resource utilization among advanced therapy-naïve and advanced therapy-experienced patients with ulcerative colitis initiated on ustekinumab or vedolizumab.

Objectives: To describe and compare healthcare resource utilization (HRU) among advanced therapy-naïve and advanced therapy-experienced patients with ulcerative colitis (UC) initiating ustekinumab or vedolizumab in the United States.
Methods: Claims data from IQVIA PharMetrics Plus de-identified database (01/01/2015-06/30/2022) were used to identify adult patients with UC initiating ustekinumab or vedolizumab (index date) after 10/21/2019. Baseline characteristics were balanced using inverse probability of treatment weighting. All-cause and UC-related HRU (number of inpatient admissions, inpatient days, emergency department visits, and outpatient visits) were described during the post-index period, and Poisson regression models were used to evaluate associations between index therapy and HRU outcomes. Analyses were performed separately among advanced therapy-naïve or advanced therapy-experienced patients.
Results: A total of 444 (ustekinumab) and 1,917 (vedolizumab) advanced therapy-naïve patients, and 647 (ustekinumab) and 1,152 (vedolizumab) advanced therapy-experienced patients were identified. In advanced therapy-naïve patients, higher rates of UC-related inpatient days (rate ratio [95% confidence interval] = 1.84 [1.15, 3.58]; p  = 0.004), emergency department visits (1.39 [1.01, 2.17]; p  = 0.044), and outpatient visits (1.81 [1.61, 2.04]; p  < 0.001) were observed among patients initiating vedolizumab relative to ustekinumab. In advanced therapy-experienced patients, higher rates of UC-related inpatient admissions (1.47 [1.06, 2.12]; p  = 0.012), inpatient days (2.18 (1.44, 3.71); p  < 0.001), and outpatient visits (1.50 (1.19, 1.82); p  < 0.001) were observed among patients initiating vedolizumab relative to ustekinumab. Results were similar when all-cause HRU was examined.
Conclusions: Among patients with UC with and without advanced therapy experience, higher rates of all-cause and UC-related HRU were observed among those treated with vedolizumab relative to ustekinumab.