Development of a dispersive solid phase microextraction method based on the application of MgAl, NiAl, and CoAl-layered double hydroxides for the efficient removal of α- and β-naphthol isomers from water samples by capillary electrophoresis.

The present work describes a quick, simple, and efficient method based on the use of layered double hydroxides (LDH) coupled to dispersive solid phase micro-extraction (DSPME) to remove α-naphthol (α-NAP) and β-naphthol (β-NAP) isomers from water samples. Three different LDHs (MgAl-LDH, NiAl-LDH, and CoAl-LDH) were used to study how the interlayer anion and molar ratio affected the removal performance. The critical factors in the DSPME procedure (pH, LDH amount, contact time) were optimized by the univariate method under the optimal conditions: pH, 4-8; LDH amount, 5 mg; and contact time, 2.5 min. The method can be successfully applied in real sample waters, removing NAP isomers even in ultra-trace concentrations. The large volume sample stacking (LVSS-CE) technique provides limits of detections (LODs) of 5.52 µg/L and 6.36 µg/L for α-naphthol and β-naphthol, respectively. The methodology's precision was evaluated on intra- and inter-day repeatability, with %RSD less than 10% in all cases. The MgAl/Cl ^- -LDH selectivity was tested in the presence of phenol and bisphenol A, with a removal rate of >92.80%. The elution tests suggest that the LDH MgAl/Cl ^- -LDH could be suitable for pre-concentration of α-naphthol and β-naphthol in future works.
Competing Interests: Declaration of competing interest The authors declare that they have no known competing financial interests or personal relationships that could have appeared to influence the work reported in this paper.
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