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COVID-19 and Cognitive Decline in Older Adults with High-Cardiovascular Risk: A Post Hoc Analysis.

Authors :
Shyam S
Gómez-Martínez C
Ni J
Gaforio JJ
Martínez-González MÁ
Corella D
Martínez JA
Alonso-Gómez ÁM
Wärnberg J
Vioque J
Romaguera D
López-Miranda J
Estruch R
Tinahones FJ
Lapetra J
Serra-Majem L
Bueno-Cavanillas A
Tur JA
Martín-Sánchez V
Pintó X
Delgado-Rodríguez M
Matía-Martín P
Vidal J
Vázquez C
Daimiel L
Ros E
Fernandez-Aranda F
Hernández-Cacho A
Buil-Cosiales P
Sorli JV
Castañer O
Garcia-Rios A
Oncina-Canovas A
Pérez-Farinós N
Nafria M
Casas R
Martínez-Diz S
Tojal-Sierra L
Am GP
Toledo E
Fernández-Carrión R
Bayón ÁM
Torres-Peña JD
Compañ-Gabucio L
Vázquez-Ruiz Z
Babio N
Fitó M
Salas-Salvadó J
Source :
Aging and disease [Aging Dis] 2024 Jul 21. Date of Electronic Publication: 2024 Jul 21.
Publication Year :
2024
Publisher :
Ahead of Print

Abstract

Cognitive decline has been reported as a short-term sequela in patients hospitalized for coronavirus disease-19 (COVID-19). Whether COVID-19 is associated with late cognitive impairment in older free-living individuals with high cardiovascular risk, a group at greater risk of cognitive decline, is unknown. We determined this association of COVID-19 through a longitudinal evaluation of post-COVID-19 cognitive performance and impairment as post hoc analysis in 5,179 older adults (48% female) with mean (SD) age 68.5 (5.0) years, body mass index 31.7 (3.7) kg/m <superscript>2</superscript> , harboring ≥ 3 criteria for metabolic syndrome (e.g., hypertension, hyperlipidemia, hyperglycemia etc.) enrolled in PREDIMED-Plus trial. Pre- and post-COVID-19 cognitive performance was ascertained from scheduled assessments conducted using a battery of neuropsychological tests, including 5 domains: Global Cognitive Function, General Cognitive Function, Execution Function, Verbal Fluency and Attention domains, which were standardized for the cohort. Cognitive impairment was defined as the bottom 10 percentile of the sample. Multivariable linear and logistic regression models assessed the association of COVID-19 with cognitive decline and impairment, respectively. After a mean 50-week follow-up, no significant associations were observed between COVID-19 status and post-COVID-19 scores of all tapped neuropsychological domains, except Global Cognitive Function (GCF). When fully adjusted, COVID-19 was marginally associated with higher (better) post-pandemic GCF score (βadj (95% CI): 0.06 (0.00, 0.13) p=.05). However, the odds for post-COVID-19 cognitive impairment in GCF domain were not associated with the disease (ORadj (95% CI): 0.90 (0.53, 1.51) p=.68). In the PREDIMED-Plus cohort, COVID-19 status and cognitive impairment determined 50 weeks post-infection showed no association in older adults at high cardiovascular risk. This suggests that cognitive changes observed shortly after COVID-19 revert over time. However, cautious interpretation is warranted as these data were obtained within the framework of a clinical trial encouraging a healthy lifestyle.

Details

Language :
English
ISSN :
2152-5250
Database :
MEDLINE
Journal :
Aging and disease
Publication Type :
Academic Journal
Accession number :
39122449
Full Text :
https://doi.org/10.14336/AD.2024.0380