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Influenza vaccination stimulates maturation of the human T follicular helper cell response.
- Source :
-
Nature immunology [Nat Immunol] 2024 Sep; Vol. 25 (9), pp. 1742-1753. Date of Electronic Publication: 2024 Aug 20. - Publication Year :
- 2024
-
Abstract
- The differentiation and specificity of human CD4 <superscript>+</superscript> T follicular helper cells (T <subscript>FH</subscript> cells) after influenza vaccination have been poorly defined. Here we profiled blood and draining lymph node (LN) samples from human volunteers for over 2 years after two influenza vaccines were administered 1 year apart to define the evolution of the CD4 <superscript>+</superscript> T <subscript>FH</subscript> cell response. The first vaccination induced an increase in the frequency of circulating T <subscript>FH</subscript> (cT <subscript>FH</subscript> ) and LN T <subscript>FH</subscript> cells at week 1 postvaccination. This increase was transient for cT <subscript>FH</subscript> cells, whereas the LN T <subscript>FH</subscript> cells further expanded during week 2 and remained elevated in frequency for at least 3 months. We observed several distinct subsets of T <subscript>FH</subscript> cells in the LN, including pre-T <subscript>FH</subscript> cells, memory T <subscript>FH</subscript> cells, germinal center (GC) T <subscript>FH</subscript> cells and interleukin-10 <superscript>+</superscript> T <subscript>FH</subscript> cell subsets beginning at baseline and at all time points postvaccination. The shift toward a GC T <subscript>FH</subscript> cell phenotype occurred with faster kinetics after the second vaccine compared to the first vaccine. We identified several influenza-specific T <subscript>FH</subscript> cell clonal lineages, including multiple responses targeting internal influenza virus proteins, and found that each T <subscript>FH</subscript> cell state was attainable within a clonal lineage. Thus, human T <subscript>FH</subscript> cells form a durable and dynamic multitissue network.<br /> (© 2024. The Author(s).)
- Subjects :
- Humans
Lymph Nodes immunology
Adult
Female
Male
Middle Aged
Interleukin-10 immunology
Interleukin-10 metabolism
Immunologic Memory immunology
T-Lymphocytes, Helper-Inducer immunology
Young Adult
Influenza Vaccines immunology
T Follicular Helper Cells immunology
Influenza, Human immunology
Influenza, Human prevention & control
Germinal Center immunology
Vaccination
Cell Differentiation immunology
Subjects
Details
- Language :
- English
- ISSN :
- 1529-2916
- Volume :
- 25
- Issue :
- 9
- Database :
- MEDLINE
- Journal :
- Nature immunology
- Publication Type :
- Academic Journal
- Accession number :
- 39164477
- Full Text :
- https://doi.org/10.1038/s41590-024-01926-6