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Characterization of Conserved Evolution in H7N9 Avian Influenza Virus Prior Mass Vaccination.
- Source :
-
Virulence [Virulence] 2024 Dec; Vol. 15 (1), pp. 2395837. Date of Electronic Publication: 2024 Sep 06. - Publication Year :
- 2024
-
Abstract
- Vaccination is crucial for the prevention and mitigation of avian influenza infections in China. The inactivated H7N9 vaccine, when administered to poultry, significantly lowers the risk of infection among both poultry and humans, while also markedly decreasing the prevalence of H7N9 detections. Highly pathogenic (HP) H7N9 viruses occasionally appear, whereas their low pathogenicity (LP) counterparts have been scarcely detected since 2018. However, these contributing factors remain poorly understood. We conducted an exploratory investigation of the mechanics via the application of comprehensive bioinformatic approaches. We delineated the Yangtze River Delta (YRD) H7N9 lineage into 5 clades (YRD-A to E). Our findings highlight the emergence and peak occurrence of the LP H7N9-containing YRD-E clade during the 5th epidemic wave in China's primary poultry farming areas. A more effective control of LP H7N9 through vaccination was observed compared to that of its HP H7N9 counterpart. YRD-E exhibited a tardy evolutionary trajectory, denoted by the conservation of its genetic and antigenic variation. Our analysis of YRD-E revealed only minimal amino acid substitutions along its phylogenetic tree and a few selective sweep mutations since 2016. In terms of epidemic fitness, the YRD-E was measured to be lower than that of the HP variants. Collectively, these findings underscore the conserved evolutionary patterns distinguishing the YRD-E. Given the conservation presented in its evolutionary patterns, the YRD-E LP H7N9 is hypothesized to be associated with a reduction following the mass vaccination in a relatively short period owing to its lower probability of antigenic variation that might affect vaccine efficiency.
- Subjects :
- Animals
China epidemiology
Mass Vaccination
Influenza, Human prevention & control
Influenza, Human virology
Influenza, Human epidemiology
Poultry Diseases virology
Poultry Diseases prevention & control
Humans
Chickens virology
Antigenic Variation genetics
Influenza A Virus, H7N9 Subtype genetics
Influenza A Virus, H7N9 Subtype immunology
Influenza A Virus, H7N9 Subtype classification
Influenza A Virus, H7N9 Subtype pathogenicity
Influenza in Birds virology
Influenza in Birds prevention & control
Phylogeny
Influenza Vaccines immunology
Influenza Vaccines genetics
Poultry virology
Evolution, Molecular
Subjects
Details
- Language :
- English
- ISSN :
- 2150-5608
- Volume :
- 15
- Issue :
- 1
- Database :
- MEDLINE
- Journal :
- Virulence
- Publication Type :
- Academic Journal
- Accession number :
- 39240070
- Full Text :
- https://doi.org/10.1080/21505594.2024.2395837