Cardiovascular Implantable Electronic Device Infections: A Contemporary Review.

Authors :: Bielick CG
Arnold CJ
Chu VH
Source :: Infectious disease clinics of North America [Infect Dis Clin North Am] 2024 Dec; Vol. 38 (4), pp. 673-691. Date of Electronic Publication: 2024 Sep 10.
Publication Year :: 2024
Abstract: Infections associated with cardiac implantable electronic devices (CIEDs) are increasing and are a cause of significant morbidity and mortality. This article summarizes the latest updates with respect to the epidemiology, microbiology, and risk factors for CIED-related infections. It also covers important considerations regarding the diagnosis, management, and prevention of these infections. Newer technologies such as leadless pacemakers and subcutaneous implantable cardioverters and defibrillators are discussed.<br />Competing Interests: Disclosure C. Bielick: there are no competing interests, personal financial interests, or other competing interests. Funding support was through the National Institute of Allergy and Infectious Diseases, United States at the National Institutes of Health (grant number T32 AI007046 to C.B.) while employed at the University of Virginia Division of Infectious Diseases and International Health. Christopher Arnold: there are no competing interests, personal financial interests, or other competing interests. Vivian Chu: UpToDate contributor.<br /> (Copyright © 2024 Elsevier Inc. All rights reserved.)