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Health risk assessment for dietary exposure to 3-monochloropropane-1,2-diol, 2-monochloropropane-1,2-diol, and glycidol for Italian consumers.
- Source :
-
Chemosphere [Chemosphere] 2024 Oct; Vol. 365, pp. 143339. Date of Electronic Publication: 2024 Sep 13. - Publication Year :
- 2024
-
Abstract
- 3-Monochloropropane-1,2-diol (3-MCPD), 2-monochloropropane-1,2-diol (2-MCPD) and 2,3-epoxy-1-propanol (glycidol), in their free form or esterified to fatty acids, are food contaminants formed during the refinement of oils and fats. We conducted a survey to quantify the levels of these compounds in 130 food items, in order to assess the exposure to them in food and the consequent health risk for consumers. Food samples, including infant formula, were analysed by gas-chromatography mass spectrometry with the indirect method, and we used the latest open access food consumption database for the Italian population for a probabilistic assessment of exposure. We adopted an in silico approach to fill the gap for the toxicity of 2-MCPD. The occurrence values for the three contaminants in food were in most cases lower than or comparable to those reported in previous surveys. Exposure assessment for the most exposed individuals (95 <superscript>th</superscript> percentiles of consumers only) of different age groups, gave values below the tolerable daily intake recommended by the European Food Safety Authority for 3-MCPD and below the simulated or predicted toxicity thresholds for 2-MCPD, indicating a negligible risk due to dietary exposure to these contaminants. For glycidol, however, estimated exposure indicated a non-negligible increase in cancer risk, and a margin of exposure <25,000 for younger population groups, indicating a potential health concern.<br />Competing Interests: Declaration of competing interest The authors declare that they have no known competing financial interests or personal relationships that could have appeared to influence the work reported in this paper.<br /> (Copyright © 2024. Published by Elsevier Ltd.)
- Subjects :
- Risk Assessment
Humans
Italy
Adult
Infant
Adolescent
Young Adult
Child, Preschool
Child
Middle Aged
Propylene Glycols
Epoxy Compounds toxicity
Epoxy Compounds analysis
Dietary Exposure analysis
Dietary Exposure statistics & numerical data
Propanols analysis
alpha-Chlorohydrin analysis
Food Contamination analysis
Subjects
Details
- Language :
- English
- ISSN :
- 1879-1298
- Volume :
- 365
- Database :
- MEDLINE
- Journal :
- Chemosphere
- Publication Type :
- Academic Journal
- Accession number :
- 39278319
- Full Text :
- https://doi.org/10.1016/j.chemosphere.2024.143339