Ultralow-resistance and self-sterilization biodegradable nanofibrous membranes for efficient PM 0.3 removal and machine learning-assisted health management.

The development of multifunctional nanofibrous membranes (NFMs) that enable anti-viral protection during air purification and respiratory disease diagnosis for health management is of increasing importance. Herein, we unraveled a heterostructure-enhanced electro-induced stereocomplexation (HEIS) strategy to fabrication of poly(lactic acid) (PLA) NFMs enabling a combination of efficient PM removal, respiratory monitoring and self-sterilization. The strategy involved an electro-induced stereocomplexation (EIS) approach to trigger the generation of hydrogen bonds between enantiomeric poly( _L -lactic acid) (PLLA) and poly( _D -lactic acid) (PDLA) chains, promoting CO dipole alignment and molecular polarization during electrospinning. This was further enhanced by incorporation of Ag-doped TiO ₂ (Ag-TIO) nanodielectrics to promote the electroactivity and surface activity, conferring profound refinement of PLA nanofibers (from 460 nm to an ultralow level of 168 nm) and high porosities of over 91 %. Arising from the sustainable generation of plentiful charges based on triboelectric nanogenerator (TENG) mechanisms, the electroactive PLA NFMs exhibited remarkable triboelectric properties even in high-humidity environments (80 %RH), excellent PM _0.3 filtration efficiency with an ultralow pressure drop (93.1 %, 31.8 Pa, 32 L/min), and 100 % antimicrobial efficiency against both E. coli and S. aureus. Moreover, a deep-learning algorithm based on convolutional neural network (CNN) was proposed to recognize various respiratory patterns. The proposed strategy confers the biodegradable NFMs an unusual combination of ultralow-resistance air purification and machine learning-assisted health management, signifying promising prospects in environmental protection and personal healthcare.
Competing Interests: Declaration of Competing Interest The authors declare that they have no known competing financial interests or personal relationships that could have appeared to influence the work reported in this paper.
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