Trophic stoichiometry of macroelements and metals in a terrestrial food web.

In order to understand the transfer of macroelements and toxic metals in the terrestrial food web, barn swallows, terrestrial frogs, and insects were collected from farmlands in the Leizhou Peninsula, and analyzed for macroelements carbon (C), nitrogen (N), phosphorus (P), and sulfur (S) and trace metals nickel (Ni), zinc (Zn), selenium (Se), copper (Cu), chromium (Cr), cadmium (Cd), lead (Pb), and mercury (Hg). The multi-element ecological stoichiometry was discussed to trace the food web flow of nutrients and toxicants. The percentage contents of C, N, P, and S were 35.43-59.91%, 6.89-12.11%, 0.49-4.66%, and 0.44-2.19%, respectively. The concentrations of Ni, Zn, Se, Cu, Cr, Cd, Pb, and Hg were 0.163-116 mg/kg, 38.7-227 mg/kg, 0.0453-3.82 mg/kg, 3.11-141 mg/kg, not detected-79.6 mg/kg, 0.0203-0.358 mg/kg, 0.148-4.57 mg/kg, and 0.00159-1.46 mg/kg, respectively. Organisms at high trophic levels had higher contents of N, P, and S, and lower contents of C. Significant correlations were observed between δ ¹⁵ N and ratios of C: N, C: P, C: S, N: P, N: S, and S: P, indicating selective transfer of biogenic elements for predators in the terrestrial food web. Most metals including Ni, Zn, Se, Cu, Cr, Pb, and Hg had biomagnification factors and trophic magnification factors higher than 1, because the whole body of organisms rather than tissues were used. The negative correlations between the detoxification ratios of Se: X (each toxic metal) and metal concentrations suggest potential adverse effect of metals on terrestrial organisms.
Competing Interests: Declaration of competing interest The authors declare that they have no known competing financial interests or personal relationships that could have appeared to influence the work reported in this paper.
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