New Bioactive Polyketides from the Mangrove-Derived Fungus Penicillium sp. SCSIO 41411.

Three new polyketides, including three ester derivatives ( 1 , 3 , and 5 ) and a new natural product, which was a benzoquinone derivative, embelin A ( 4 ), together with nine known ones ( 2 and 6 - 13 ), were isolated from the mangrove-derived fungus Penicillium sp. SCSIO 41411. Their structures were determined by detailed NMR and MS spectroscopic analyses. The X-ray single-crystal diffraction analysis of 4 was described for the first time. Compound 9 displayed obvious inhibition against PDE4 with an inhibitory ratio of 40.78% at 10 μM. Compound 12 showed DPPH radical scavenging activity, with an EC ₅₀ of 16.21 µg/mL, compared to the positive control (ascorbic acid, EC ₅₀ , 11.22 µg/mL). Furthermore, compound 4 exhibited cytotoxicity against PC-3 and LNCaP with IC ₅₀ values of 18.69 and 31.62 µM, respectively.