Preparation and in vitro/in vivo evaluation of uniform-sized Goserelin-loaded sustained release microspheres.

Sustained release microspheres loaded with goserelin are regarded as a promising candidate for treating prostate cancer and other sex hormone diseases. However, their widespread adoption has been hindered by issues such as wide particle size distribution and unstable release characteristics. To address these challenges, we employed a combination of the solid-in-oil-in-water microspheres preparation approach (S/O/W) and innovative premix membrane emulsification technology and deeply investigated the effects of four key parameters on the loaded performance of microspheres and the microscopic mechanisms behind them. With this approach, we successfully produced goserelin-loaded sustained release microspheres of narrow particle size distribution (Span 0.642), remarkable encapsulation efficiency (DL = 4.23 %, EE = 93.98 %), low initial burst release (about 0.50 % within 2 h), and compatibility with small injection needles (23-G, inner diameter 0.33 mm, outer diameter 0.64 mm, maximal force 59 N). In the animal model(administered dose, 2.4 mg·Kg ^-1 ), goserelin long-acting sustained release microspheres sustained release for over 32 days, maintaining effective concentrations above 2 ng·mL ^-1 , and effectively reduced serum testosterone concentrations to castration levels (<1.0 ng·mL ^-1 ) by day 4, maintaining this inhibition for up to 21 days, exhibiting comparable efficacy to the positive control group. In vivo release kinetics analysis revealed that goserelin-loaded sustained release microspheres exhibited a release pattern dominated by diffusion with corrosion assistance in vivo. In summary, the systematic and comprehensive evaluation of uniform-sized goserelin-loaded sustained release microspheres has highlighted their excellent translational potential, and the study herein may provide new strategies and ideas for the development of microsphere dosage forms.
Competing Interests: Declaration of Competing Interest The authors declare that they have no competing financial interests or personal relationships that may have influenced the work reported in this study.
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