Anti-leukemic effects of Vernonia amygdalina extract.

This study aimed to investigate the impact of Vernonia amygdalina leaf extract on FLT3 regulation. V. amygdalina was extracted with 96% ethanol (VAE-96), and its cytotoxicity against FLT3- cell lines (MOLM-13 and MV-4-11) was evaluated. The results indicated that VAE-96 induced apoptosis in these cells and inhibited the phosphorylation of AKT, MAPK, and FLT3. Additionally, VAE-96 substantially diminished the activity of the FLT3 promoter and the expression of FLT3 mRNA. The extract was found to contain alkaloids, saponin, reduced sugar compounds, and polyphenols, including tannins and flavonoids, as per the phytoconstituents analysis. The potential of alkaloid fractions on MOLM-13 cells was indicated by the robust cytotoxic effect of the alkaloid fractions, which resulted in over 50% cell mortality at 30 µg/ml. Our results suggest that VAE-96 may be a beneficial agent for the prevention and treatment of AML with FLT3-ITD mutation.