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Jatropha Diterpenes: An Updated Review Concerning Their Structural Diversity, Therapeutic Performance, and Future Pharmaceutical Applications.

Authors :
Souza TA
Pereira LHA
Alves AF
Dourado D
Lins JDS
Scotti MT
Scotti L
Abreu LS
Tavares JF
Silva MS
Source :
Pharmaceuticals (Basel, Switzerland) [Pharmaceuticals (Basel)] 2024 Oct 19; Vol. 17 (10). Date of Electronic Publication: 2024 Oct 19.
Publication Year :
2024

Abstract

The Euphorbiaceae family is a rich source of bioactive terpenoids. Among its genera, Jatropha is a conspicuous producer of diterpenes and includes approximately 175 species, many of which have medicinal uses. To date, 140 diterpenes from Jatropha (JTDs) have been reported. Given their structural diversity and notable biological activities, this work aims to highlight the pharmaceutical potential of JTDs. To achieve this goal, an extensive literature review was conducted, encompassing studies on structural elucidation through NMR and pharmacological assays, both in vitro and in vivo. Based on 132 selected papers, a thorough discussion is presented on the biosynthesis, extraction, isolation, and structural characterization of JTDs, including a compilation of their <superscript>13</superscript> C NMR chemical shifts. The review also covers their synthetic production and biological effects. Additionally, an in silico analysis predicting the drug-likeness of 141 JTDs was carried out. Notably, the occurrence of macrocyclic diterpenes has doubled in the past decade, and the summary of their NMR data provides a useful resource for future research. Furthermore, 21 distinct pharmacological activities were identified, with potent cytotoxic effects targeting new molecular pathways being particularly significant. Recent advances highlight the contributions of modern approaches in organic synthesis and the pharmacological evaluation of natural products. The drug-likeness analysis identified JTD classes and compounds with favorable physicochemical and ADMET features for pharmaceutical development. In light of these findings, the use of nanotechnology is proposed as a future direction for continued research on JTDs, a fascinating class of natural compounds. This work opens up new avenues for the study of Euphorbiaceae species, particularly the Jatropha genus and its bioactive compounds.

Details

Language :
English
ISSN :
1424-8247
Volume :
17
Issue :
10
Database :
MEDLINE
Journal :
Pharmaceuticals (Basel, Switzerland)
Publication Type :
Academic Journal
Accession number :
39459038
Full Text :
https://doi.org/10.3390/ph17101399