Age-Related Response to Remimazolam among Older Patients Undergoing Orthopedic Surgery: A Single-Center Prospective Observational Study.

Background and Objectives : Remimazolam, an ultra-short-acting benzodiazepine, is increasingly used in procedural sedation and general anesthesia. It is characterized by rapid onset of action, inactive metabolites, no delay in recovery, and few adverse events. Its hemodynamic and respiratory stability are comparable to other anesthetics, and it is safe in high-risk and geriatric patients. Materials and Methods : This prospective, observational study enrolled 110 geriatric patients (aged 65 to 85 years) scheduled for primary total knee arthroplasty (TKA). The patients were divided into the old (65 to <75 years; n = 52) and the elderly (75 to 85 years; n = 47) geriatric groups. All surgical and anesthetic methods were applied in the same manner, and TKA was performed by one surgeon. Remimazolam was infused at 6 mg/kg/h for 3 min and then at 1 mg/kg/h until the end of surgery The primary study endpoint was the requirement for flumazenil; secondary endpoints were the times to reach a bispectral index (BIS) < 60 and >80, as well as the rate of apnea occurrence. Results: Flumazenil administration was similar in both groups. There were no differences in the time to reach BIS < 60 or the rate of apnea occurrence. Recovery characteristics, including the time to reach BIS > 80 and the achievement of full consciousness, were also comparable between the groups. Conclusions: Remimazolam is well-tolerated in geriatric patients undergoing orthopedic surgery, with minimal age-related differences in response. These results suggest that remimazolam is an appropriate anesthetic for geriatric patients, even with similar dosing strategies. It provides effective anesthetic depth with no significant increases in adverse outcomes during orthopedic surgery.