Dynamics of a stoichiometric phytoplankton-zooplankton model with season-driven light intensity.

Chemical heterogeneity significantly influences the dynamics of phytoplankton and zooplankton interactions through its effects on phytoplankton carrying capacity and zooplankton ingestion rates. Our central objective of this study was to develop and examine a nonautonomous model of phytoplankton-zooplankton growth, which incorporates season-driven variations in light intensity and chemical heterogeneity. The dynamics of the system is characterized by positive invariance, dissipativity, boundary dynamics, and internal dynamics. Subsequently, numerical simulations were conducted to validate the theoretical findings and to elucidate the effects of seasonal light intensity, nutrient availability, and zooplankton loss rates on phytoplankton dynamics. The outcomes of our model and analysis offer a potential explanation for seasonal phytoplankton blooms.