Contemporary Cytomegalovirus (CMV) Infections in Low-Risk CMV Seronegative Recipients of Solid Organ Transplants From CMV Seronegative Donors (D-/R-): Time to Reexamine Donor CMV Serostatus.

Background: Early posttransplant cytomegalovirus (CMV) infections in CMV seronegative solid organ transplant recipients (SOTR) with CMV seronegative donors (D-/R-) are often attributed transfusion-transmitted CMV. The prevalence of false-negative donor CMV serology in D-/R- SOTR with early CMV infections has not been explored.
Methods: We determined the frequency and characteristics of CMV DNAemia that occurred within 90 days of transplant among adult SOTR classified as D-/R- who underwent a first SOT at a single center between February 25, 2014 and February 25, 2024. Repeat donor CMV antibody testing was performed on stored donor sera if possible.
Results: Thirteen of 737 (1.8%) D-/R- SOTR from 12 donors developed CMV DNAemia within 90 days of transplant (median time to DNAemia: 28 days, interquartile range 23-42 days). Five (38%) recipients experienced CMV disease either before (n = 2) or after (n = 3) CMV DNAemia was identified, and five (38%) developed CMV antiviral resistance mutations during their course. Repeat CMV antibody testing was performed on sera from four donors to five recipients and was positive in three (75%) tested donors.
Conclusions: Early CMV infections in D-/R- SOTR are uncommon but associated with high morbidity. CMV transmission from organ donors with false negative CMV serology is an important source of early CMV infections in D-/R- SOTR. Clinicians should suspect and promptly report early CMV infections in D-/R- SOTR as potential donor-derived processes, regardless of donor and/or recipient transfusion histories. Reporting such cases is essential to promote broader investigations that may identify suboptimal donor CMV screening assays.
(© 2024 John Wiley & Sons A/S. Published by John Wiley & Sons Ltd.)