Changes of CA19-9 levels and related influencing factors in patients with type 2 diabetes mellitus after antidiabetic therapy.

Abnormalities of carbohydrate antigen 19 - 9 (CA19-9) are common in patients with type 2 diabetes mellitus (T2DM), and in some patients, CA19-9 returns to normal level after glycemic control. The aim of this study was to investigate the factors associated with CA19-9 levels in patients with T2DM and the associated influences on the degree of reduction of CA19-9 levels after antidiabetic therapy (AT). This study was an observational cross-sectional study. A total of 213 patients with T2DM were enrolled in this study, of whom 105 with abnormal CA19-9 and 108 with normal CA19-9. Socio-demographic information, complete blood counts, biochemical indicators, thyroid function indicators, and CA19-9 level were collected separately for each subject. Levels of glycosylated hemoglobin, type A1C (HbA1c), fasting blood glucose (FBG) were significantly higher in T2DM patients with abnormal CA19-9 compared to patients with normal CA19-9 (both FDR < 0.001). CA19-9 level was significantly and positively correlated with neutrophil/lymphocyte ratio (NLR) (r = 0.16, P = 0.02), monocyte/lymphocyte ratio (MLR) (r = 0.16, P = 0.02), and FBG (r = 0.38, P < 0.001), while significantly and negatively correlated with free triiodothyronine (FT3) (r=-0.22, P = 0.002) and albumin count (r=-0.18, P = 0.007). After AT, the degree of decrease in CA19-9 level in T2DM patients with abnormal CA19-9 was significantly positively correlated with degree of decrease in FBG (r = 0.33, P < 0.001), as well as CA19-9 level before AT (r = 0.73, P < 0.001), NLR (r = 0.20, P = 0.04), and MLR (r = 0.25, P = 0.01). In this study, we investigated the influencing factors associated with CA19-9 level and the factors influencing degree of CA19-9 reduction after AT in T2DM patients with abnormal CA19-9.
Competing Interests: Declarations. Competing interests: The authors declare no competing interests. Ethics statement: Written informed consent was drawn up prior to the start of this study, and all subjects participating in this study signed a written informed consent form to indicate their agreement to the publication of all images, clinical data, and other data contained in the article. This study was approved by the Medical Ethics Committee of Zhejiang Xiaoshan Hospital on January 25, 2024 (NO. 2024005).
(© 2025. The Author(s).)