Preventing unrestricted and unmonitored AI experimentation in healthcare through transparency and accountability.

The integration of large language models (LLMs) into electronic health records offers potential benefits but raises significant ethical, legal, and operational concerns, including unconsented data use, lack of governance, and AI-related malpractice accountability. Sycophancy, feedback loop bias, and data reuse risk amplifying errors without proper oversight. To safeguard patients, especially the vulnerable, clinicians must advocate for patient-centered education, ethical practices, and robust oversight to prevent harm.
Competing Interests: Competing interests: The authors declare no competing interests.
(© 2025. The Author(s).)