[Causes of death in patients with pacemakers - with respect to the indication for implantation].

We compared the life expectancy of 1559 patients with an implanted pacemaker (PM) with a normal age-matched population and found a significantly reduced survival rate in paced patients. Patients paced for heart failure have the lowest survival rate, whilst those paced for Adams-Stokes attacks do slightly better. Patients with Adams-Stokes equivalents do not differ significantly from our normal population. 54% of patients with PM implanted for heart failure died due to heart failure despite PM implantation. The relative percentage of sudden death after PM implantation is high in groups with Adams-Stokes attacks (16%) and Adams-Stokes equivalents (20%). In both of these groups sudden death occurred especially during the first two years after PM implantation. The high risk of sudden death after PM implantation should increase our efforts to monitor patients carefully after PM implantation for the occurrence of malignant tachyarrhythmias.