Effects of halothane and ketamine on activation and inactivation of myocardial calcium current.

We evaluated the effects of clinically relevant concentrations of halothane (1%) and ketamine (10(-4) M) on activation, inactivation, and recovery from inactivation of voltage-gated sarcolemmal calcium current (ICa) in single guinea pig ventricular myocytes, using the whole cell voltage clamp. Both anesthetics had qualitatively similar effects. The potential at half-activation was shifted from -18 to -23 mV for halothane (p < 0.03) and from -17 to -21 mV for ketamine (p = 0.005). There was no change in the slope of the activation curve for either anesthetic. The potential at half-inactivation was shifted from -29 to -40 mV with exposure to halothane (p < 0.001) and from -27 to -33 mV (p < 0.001) with exposure to ketamine. There was no change in the slope of the inactivation curve with either agent. The changes in time constant of recovery from steady-state inactivation with halothane did not reach statistical significance (178 vs. 207 ms, p = 0.20) and was significantly prolonged with exposure to ketamine (106 vs. 157 ms, p = 0.005). The two anesthetics show parallel shifts in activation, inactivation, and recovery from inactivation of ICa in ventricular myocardial cells. These findings in normal ventricular myocytes may help interpret the interactions of these anesthetics with other types of heart muscle, such as ischemic and immature myocardium.