DNA vaccines against rotavirus infections.

Plasmid DNA vaccines encoding for murine rotaviral proteins VP4, VP6, and VP7 were tested in adult BALB/c mice for their ability to induce immune responses and provide protection against rotavirus challenge. Serum antibodies were measured by virus neutralization and by ELISA. Cellular immunity was assessed by measuring cytotoxic T cell (CTL) responses. The vaccines were administered by inoculation into cells of the epidermis with an Accell gene gun (Auragen, Inc., Middleton, WI, USA). Each of the three vaccines elicited rotavirus-specific serum antibodies as measured by ELISA. Virus neutralizing antibodies were detected in mice receiving DNA vaccines encoding for VP4 and VP7, but not in those which received the plasmid encoding for VP6. Vaccines encoding for VP4, VP6, or VP7 generated virus-specific CTL responses in recipient mice. Efficacy of the vaccines was determined by challenge with homotypic rotaviruses. Each of the three vaccines was effective in protecting mice against infection after rotavirus (100 ID50) challenge. Significant reductions (p < 0.0002, analysis of variance) in viral excretion measured over a 9 day period were seen in mice receiving the DNA vaccines compared with mice that received control plasmids.