A randomized controlled trial evaluating nutrition counseling with or without oral supplementation in malnourished HIV-infected patients.

Objective: To evaluate the effects of nutrition counseling with or without oral supplementation in malnourished patients infected with the human immunodeficiency virus (HIV).
Design: Randomized controlled trial.
Subjects: HIV-infected men (n=118) who were less than 90% of usual weight for height or who had lost more than 10% of body weight.
Intervention: Nutrition counseling alone (control group) vs nutrition counseling plus enteral supplementation (supplement group) for 6 weeks. All patients were instructed to consume a diet that exceeded estimated total energy expenditure by 960 kcal/day.
Main Outcome Measures: Weight, skinfold thickness, fat-free mass, grip strength, quality of life, and cognitive function (Buschke test).
Statistical Analyses: Differences in baseline variables and outcomes were evaluated using analysis of variance or the Wilcoxon rank sum test.
Results: Ninety-nine men completed at least 4 weeks of treatment, 49 in the supplement group and 50 in the control group. Half the patients in each treatment group achieved at least 80% of their energy target. No differences in weight, skinfold thickness measurements, or quality of life were observed. Compared with the control group, the supplement group had larger increases in fat-free mass and grip strength, although the differences did not reach statistical significance.
Applications: In the short term, nutrition counseling with or without oral supplementation can achieve a substantial increase in energy intake in about 50% of malnourished HIV-infected patients. Although further study is needed to evaluate long-term effects, these findings suggest that nutrition counseling has an important role in the management of malnourished HIV-infected patients.