The Influence of Orbital Forcing of Tropical Insolation on the Climate and Isotopic Composition of Precipitation in South America.

The δ¹⁸O of calcite ( δ¹⁸O _c) in speleothems from South America is fairly well correlated with austral summer [December-February (DJF)] insolation, indicating the role of orbitally paced changes in insolation in changing the climate of South America. Using an isotope-enabled atmospheric general circulation model (ECHAM4.6) coupled to a slab ocean model, the authors study how orbitally paced variations in insolation change climate and the isotopic composition of precipitation ( δ¹⁸O _p) of South America. Compared with times of high summertime insolation, times of low insolation feature (i) a decrease in precipitation inland of tropical South America as a result of an anomalous cooling of the South American continent and hence a weakening of the South American summer monsoon and (ii) an increase in precipitation in eastern Brazil that is associated with the intensification and southward movement of the Atlantic intertropical convergence zone, which is caused by the strengthening of African winter monsoon that is induced by the anomalous cooling of northern Africa. Finally, reduced DJF insolation over southern Africa causes cooling and the generation of a tropically trapped Rossby wave that intensifies and shifts the South Atlantic convergence zone northward. In times of low insolation, δ¹⁸O _p increases in the northern Andes and decreases in northeastern Brazil, consistent with the pattern of δ¹⁸O _c changes seen in speleothems. Further analysis shows that the decrease in δ¹⁸O _p in northeastern Brazil is due to change in the intensity of precipitation, while the increase in the northern Andes reflects a change in the seasonality of precipitation and in the isotopic composition of vapor that forms the condensates. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]