Safely ruling out deep venous thrombosis in primary care.

<bold>Background: </bold>Up to 90% of patients referred for ultrasonography with suspected deep venous thrombosis (DVT) of the leg do not have the disease. <bold>Objective: </bold>To evaluate the safety and efficiency of using a clinical decision rule that includes a point-of-care d-dimer assay at initial presentation in primary care to exclude DVT. <bold>Design: </bold>A prospective management study. <bold>Setting: </bold>Approximately 300 primary care practices in 3 regions of the Netherlands (Amsterdam, Maastricht, and Utrecht). <bold>Patients: </bold>1028 consecutive patients with clinically suspected DVT. <bold>Intervention: </bold>Patients were managed on the basis of the result of the clinical decision rule, which included a d-dimer result. Patients with a score of 3 or less were not referred for ultrasonography and received no anticoagulant treatment; patients with a score of 4 or more were referred for ultrasonography. <bold>Measurements: </bold>The primary outcome was symptomatic, objectively confirmed, venous thromboembolism during 3-month follow-up. <bold>Results: </bold>The mean age of the 1028 study patients was 58 years, and 37% of patients were men. A valid score was obtained in 1002 patients (98%). In 500 patients (49%), with a score of 3 or less, 7 developed venous thromboembolism within 3 months (incidence, 1.4% [95% CI, 0.6% to 2.9%]). A total of 502 patients (49%) had a score of 4 or more; 3 did not have ultrasonography. Ultrasonography showed DVT in 125 patients (25%), for an overall prevalence in evaluable patients of 13% (125 of 1002). Of the 374 patients who had normal ultrasonography results, 4 developed venous thromboembolism within 3 months (1.1% [CI, 0.3% to 2.7%]). <bold>Limitation: </bold>The study lacked a randomized design and relied on clinical follow-up to detect missed thrombotic disease. <bold>Conclusion: </bold>A diagnostic management strategy in primary care by using a simple clinical decision rule and a point-of-care d-dimer assay reduces the need for referral to secondary care of patients with clinically suspected DVT by almost 50% and is associated with a low risk for subsequent venous thromboembolic events. <bold>Funding: </bold>The Netherlands Organization for Scientific Research. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]