Interventions that effect change in psychotherapy: A model based on infant research.

This article focuses on processes of rethinking and reformulating conceptual and clinical bases for understanding the way in which change takes place in psychotherapy. Almost daily, one encounters new books, journal articles, and conferences that are directed toward this goal. Psychology is moving from traditional psychoanalytic language and conceptual frameworks to new vocabularies of chaos theory and nonlinear dynamic systems, as it is sought to describe processes in the therapeutic interaction. Discussion has moved from explanations of change in the psychotherapeutic process as based on insight, as the unconscious becomes conscious through effective interpretation, to explanations described in terms of shifts in the organization of consciousness.