Comparisons of sleep apnoea rate and outcomes among patients with resistant and non-resistant hypertension.

ABSTRACT Background and objective We directly compared sleep apnoea ( SA) rates and risk of cardiovascular and mortality outcomes among SA patients with resistant hypertension ( RH) and non- RH within a large diverse hypertension population. Methods A retrospective cohort study between 1 January 2006 and 31 December 2010 among hypertensive adults (age ≥ 18 years) was performed within an integrated health system. Rates of SA in RH and non- RH were determined. Multivariable logistic regression analyses were used to calculate OR for SA. Cox proportional hazard modelling was used to estimate hazard ratios ( HRs) for cardiovascular and mortality outcomes between SA in RH versus SA in non- RH adjusting for age, gender, race, BMI, chronic kidney disease and other comorbidities. Results SA was identified in 33 682 (7.2%) from 470 386 hypertensive individuals. SA in RH accounted for 5806 (9.6%) compared to SA in non- RH 27 876 individuals (6.8%). Multivariable OR (95% CI) for SA was 1.16 (1.12, 1.19), 3.57 (3.47, 3.66) and 2.20 (2.15, 2.25) for RH versus non- RH, BMI ≥ 30, and males, respectively. Compared to SA in non- RH individuals, SA in RH had a multivariable adjusted HR (95% CI) of 1.24 (1.13, 1.36), 1.43 (1.28, 1.61), 0.98 (0.85, 1.12) and 1.04 (0.95, 1.14) for ischaemic heart event ( IHE), congestive heart failure ( CHF), stroke and mortality, respectively. Conclusion We observed a modest increase in likelihood for SA among RH compared to non- RH patients. Risks for IHE and CHF were higher for SA in RH compared to SA in non- RH patients; however, there were no differences in risk for stroke and mortality. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]