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Comparison of methods for estimating the attributable risk in the context of survival analysis.
- Source :
- BMC Medical Research Methodology; 1/23/2017, Vol. 17, p1-11, 11p, 4 Charts, 1 Graph
- Publication Year :
- 2017
-
Abstract
- <bold>Background: </bold>The attributable risk (AR) measures the proportion of disease cases that can be attributed to an exposure in the population. Several definitions and estimation methods have been proposed for survival data.<bold>Methods: </bold>Using simulations, we compared four methods for estimating AR defined in terms of survival functions: two nonparametric methods based on Kaplan-Meier's estimator, one semiparametric based on Cox's model, and one parametric based on the piecewise constant hazards model, as well as one simpler method based on estimated exposure prevalence at baseline and Cox's model hazard ratio. We considered a fixed binary exposure with varying exposure probabilities and strengths of association, and generated event times from a proportional hazards model with constant or monotonic (decreasing or increasing) Weibull baseline hazard, as well as from a nonproportional hazards model. We simulated 1,000 independent samples of size 1,000 or 10,000. The methods were compared in terms of mean bias, mean estimated standard error, empirical standard deviation and 95% confidence interval coverage probability at four equally spaced time points.<bold>Results: </bold>Under proportional hazards, all five methods yielded unbiased results regardless of sample size. Nonparametric methods displayed greater variability than other approaches. All methods showed satisfactory coverage except for nonparametric methods at the end of follow-up for a sample size of 1,000 especially. With nonproportional hazards, nonparametric methods yielded similar results to those under proportional hazards, whereas semiparametric and parametric approaches that both relied on the proportional hazards assumption performed poorly. These methods were applied to estimate the AR of breast cancer due to menopausal hormone therapy in 38,359 women of the E3N cohort.<bold>Conclusion: </bold>In practice, our study suggests to use the semiparametric or parametric approaches to estimate AR as a function of time in cohort studies if the proportional hazards assumption appears appropriate. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]
- Subjects :
- ETIOLOGIC fraction
KAPLAN-Meier estimator
PIECEWISE linear topology
CONFIDENCE intervals
STANDARD deviations
ALGORITHMS
BREAST tumors
COMPARATIVE studies
COMPUTER simulation
LONGITUDINAL method
MATHEMATICAL models
RESEARCH methodology
MEDICAL cooperation
RESEARCH
RESEARCH evaluation
RISK assessment
SURVIVAL analysis (Biometry)
THEORY
EVALUATION research
PROPORTIONAL hazards models
POSTMENOPAUSE
Subjects
Details
- Language :
- English
- ISSN :
- 14712288
- Volume :
- 17
- Database :
- Complementary Index
- Journal :
- BMC Medical Research Methodology
- Publication Type :
- Academic Journal
- Accession number :
- 120942392
- Full Text :
- https://doi.org/10.1186/s12874-016-0285-1