Outcomes following non-life-threatening orthopaedic trauma: Why are they considered to be so poor?

The purpose of this review article is to assess the current literature on the outcomes of simple orthopaedic trauma. Simple trauma is defined as the fracture or injury of one limb due to an acute event. Fractures are the most common cause of hospitalized trauma in Australia and associated with multiple social, psychological and physical consequences for patients. The literature to date suggests that there are multiple factors leading to relatively poor outcomes following simple trauma, modifiable and non-modifiable. The most oft cited are older age, lower educational status, being injured at work, injury severity score, pre-existing disease, workers compensation, litigation and pain at initial assessment. Additional psychological risk factors quoted attribute to the injury to an external source and the use of passive coping strategies. This review aims to summarise the relevant literature relating to these risk factors and give direction to improving outcomes and future research into this important area. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]