Favorite mathematics topics from the 12th Century to the 21st Century.

In this article we decided to begin with the 12^th Century because this century witnessed huge mathematical interest in Western Europe stimulated by Arabic original books as well as translated ones being translated into Latin (which became the venue of intellectual and scientific domains in Western Europe and remained in this academic function until the 18^th century) at Spain translation centers. Despite the long war between the kingdoms of England and France from 1337 to 1453 resulting in famine and plague in the 14^th and the first half of the 15^th century, the year 1450 witnessed the advent of the printing press which had an enormous impact on printing arithmetic books for the purpose of teaching business people computational methods for their commercial needs. A more detailed treatment is done on later centuries. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]