РОЗВИТОК ЦЕРКОВНО-ДЕРЖАВНИХ ВІДНОСИН У ХІХ СТОЛІТТІ

The article analyzes the reasons for the formation of various models of state– church relations of the age of a mature modernist in Europe of the XIX century. In countries where Protestantism was of prime importance, there was no sharp confrontation between the state and the church; instead, an intentions were formed not only for cooperation between the state and the church, but also interconfessional interaction. In turn, in countries with a clear domination of Catholicism, there was a clear intention for separation or regalism, within which the church was given an instrumental significance. Regalism was an important step for the formation and development of the democratic foundations of civil society, because, having put on the ideological principles of educational concepts, he placed the ideological foundations for the transformation of the «church–state» binary opposition in the Catholic countries into the state–church–society triad, providing not just the stable development of the state itself, but also forming (directly or indirectly) the foundations for the development of ethnic identity. Along with regalism, quite expressive in Europe of the nineteenth century was an intention to create national churches. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]