Large enhancement of upconversion luminescence in Er3+/In3+:Ba0.85Ca0.15TiO3 lead-free piezoelectric ceramics.

A series of In³⁺-doped Ba_0.85Ca_0.15TiO₃:0.75%Er³⁺/xIn³⁺ (BCT:Er/xIn) lead-free piezoelectric ceramics with excellent upconversion luminescence were synthesized by the solid state reaction method. The effects of In³⁺ content on the crystal structure, ferroelectric, dielectric, piezoelectric, and upconversion luminescence properties were systematically studied. Under 980 nm excitation, a giant enhancement of the green emission (550 nm) by 10 times is achieved upon 2.5% mol In³⁺ doping, which is rarely observed in rare-earth ions-doped perovskite ferroelectric materials. The ultraviolet-visible-near infrared absorption measurements show that the In³⁺ doping may improve the dissolution of Er³⁺ ions and modify the isolate-/clustered-Er³⁺ ratio for x ≤ 2.5%, resulting in the enhancement of the absorption cross-section, thereby contributing to the enhancement of green luminescence. Unfortunately, the In³⁺ doping suppresses the ferroelectric and piezoelectric properties of the BCT:Er/xIn ceramics. This problem can be resolved by adding a small amount (1 mol%) of Yb³⁺ to the BCT:Er/xIn ceramics to restore their good ferroelectric and piezoelectric properties. Such In³⁺ and rare-earth ions co-doped ceramics with greatly enhanced upconversion luminescence and good ferroelectricity and piezoelectricity may have potential applications in electro-optical devices. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]