Advanced and amplified BOLD fluctuations in high-grade gliomas.

<bold>Background: </bold>Glioma grade along with patient's age and general health are used for treatment planning and prognosis.<bold>Purpose: </bold>To characterize and quantify the spontaneous blood oxygen level-dependent (BOLD) fluctuations in gliomas using measures based on T2*-weighted signal time-series and to distinguish between high- and low-grade gliomas.<bold>Study Type: </bold>Retrospective.<bold>Subjects: </bold>Twenty-one patients with high-grade and 13 patients with low-grade gliomas confirmed on histology were investigated.<bold>Field Strength/sequence: </bold>Dynamic T2*-weighted (multislice single-shot echo-planar-imaging) magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) was performed on a 3T system with an 8-element receive-only head coil to measure the BOLD fluctuations. In addition, a dynamic T1 -weighted (3D fast field echo) dynamic contrast-enhanced (DCE) perfusion scan was performed.<bold>Assessment: </bold>Three BOLD measures were determined: the temporal shift (TS), amplitude of low frequency fluctuations (ALFF), and regional homogeneity (ReHo). DCE perfusion-based cerebral blood volume (CBV) and time-to-peak (TTP) maps were concurrently evaluated for comparison.<bold>Statistical Tests: </bold>An analysis-of-variance test was first used. When the test appeared significant, post-hoc analysis was performed using analysis-of-covariance with age as covariate. Logistic regression and receiver-operator characteristic curve analysis were also performed.<bold>Results: </bold>TS was significantly advanced in high-grade gliomas compared to the contralateral cortex (P = 0.01) and low-grade gliomas (P = 0.009). In high-grade gliomas, ALFF and CBV were significantly higher than the contralateral cortex (P = 0.041 and P = 0.008, respectively) and low-grade gliomas (P = 0.036 and P = 0.01, respectively). ReHo and TTP did not show significant differences between high- and low-grade gliomas (P = 0.46 and P = 0.42, respectively). The area-under-curve was above 0.7 only for the TS, ALFF, and CBV measures.<bold>Data Conclusion: </bold>Advanced and amplified hemodynamic fluctuations manifest in high-grade gliomas, but not in low-grade gliomas, and can be assessed using BOLD measures. Preliminary results showed that quantification of spontaneous fluctuations has potential for hemodynamic characterization of gliomas and distinguishing between high- and low-grade gliomas.<bold>Level Of Evidence: </bold>4 Technical Efficacy: Stage 5 J. Magn. Reson. Imaging 2018;47:1616-1625. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]